visit http://www.paksc.org It has been established since 2007. The main aim was to establish network of science club across Pakistan that provides opportunities for students to explore science and technology. Our science club consist of Grade 5 to university students.
Wednesday, September 26, 2012
Interview Of Abdul Rauf On Voice of America
visit http://www.paksc.org It has been established since 2007. The main aim was to establish network of science club across Pakistan that provides opportunities for students to explore science and technology. Our science club consist of Grade 5 to university students.
Sunday, September 23, 2012
Science Technology Articles by PSC in Urdu
Science Technology Articles Urdu
Science Technology Articles in Urdu from other resources Global science, computing magazine Karachi roohani Digits's top reading articles regarding science and technology and Islam
The flying machine (Urdu) article by (Sultan Imran express urdu)
Mohammad Zakaria quote from the book of Muslim's scientific achievements
بائیو گیس کا اَمرت دھارا this column written by Aslam Khan and
publish in express Urdu, in this column author sharing his views about
biogas plants
Farash a useful plant, article about farash in Urdu writing by Qamar
Mehdi in technologytimes news paper pakistan science club publish
with permission of technologytimes.pk
Birds too mourn when their loved ones die Scientists have found in
their research that it does to birds, dead birds are usually gathered
around them as if they are celebrating mourning.
Higgs Boson:A surprising discovery (Urdu) ہگس بوذون، ایک حیرت انگیز
دریافت Higgs particle is a proposed elementary particle in the Standard
Model of particle physics
Friday, August 3, 2012
Solar Panels and types article in Urdu
Solar Panels and types article in Urdu سولر پینلز اور ان کی اقسامSolar
(0 votes)
article in Urud سولر پینلز اور ان کی اقسامSolar
سولر پینل صرف بجلی بنانے والے نہیں ہوتے بلکہ ان کی مدد سے دھوپ سے مختلف چیزیں، جیسے پانی وغیرہ بھی گرم کیا جاتا ہے۔ اس تحریر میں ہم صرف ان سولر پینل کی اقسام دیکھتے ہیں جن سے بجلی بنائی جاتی ہے اور یہ کہ ان اقسام میں سے پاکستان کیلئے کونسی بہتر ہے۔
Thursday, April 19, 2012
Chicken Droppings to Power Biogas Plants in Rizal
Chicken Droppings to Power Biogas Plants in Rizal
PHILIPPINES - Chicken droppings will soon be widely used in Rizal to power biogas plants, as Agham Party List Reprersentative Angelo Palmones teams up with DOST IV-A Director Fernando E. Ablaza in designing the new digester.
With methane as one of the major causes of the greenhouse effect, methanation or the generation of biogas from biomass fermentation has thus come to mean better things for most. With this in sight, Mr Palmones early this month inspected a biogas digester plant in Ibaan, Batangas to check the viability of his proposed project.
Together with Mayor Danny V. Toreja and officer-in-charge Emelita P. Bagsit of the Office of the Regional Director of DOST IV-A, the group reviewed the operations of some 44 digester units in Ibaan. With all units working 99 per cent, most of which under the communal system of piped-in methane gas for cooking and lighting needs, Mr Ablaza is confident that the new design for chicken droppings will work just as well.
Initially developed for Quezon, the design is targeting the poultry industry of Rizal. To ensure compatibility of digester design and material charge, Mr Ablaza redrew the mixing chamber of the biogas digester to suit the consistency and texture of chicken droppings. He added a system for reducing unwanted biological and chemical components of the droppings prior to their disposal. Lastly, he added a filtration procedure for the recovered gas to increase its combustibility.
Countrywide efforts have been attempted by various sectors to improve use of renewable energy sources such as biogas.
Mr Ablaza has led most of these efforts, facilitating construction since 1993 of more than 300 units all over the country worth nearly P27 M in investments. These collectively supply annually 762,000m3 of biogas; enough to fuel cooking and lighting needs of 2,285 families with six members for one year. The annual supply of biogas is equivalent to P17 M in potential fuel savings, assuming that all units are 40 per cent efficient (optimum efficiency in tropical areas) in fuel generation.
PHILIPPINES - Chicken droppings will soon be widely used in Rizal to power biogas plants, as Agham Party List Reprersentative Angelo Palmones teams up with DOST IV-A Director Fernando E. Ablaza in designing the new digester.
With methane as one of the major causes of the greenhouse effect, methanation or the generation of biogas from biomass fermentation has thus come to mean better things for most. With this in sight, Mr Palmones early this month inspected a biogas digester plant in Ibaan, Batangas to check the viability of his proposed project.
Together with Mayor Danny V. Toreja and officer-in-charge Emelita P. Bagsit of the Office of the Regional Director of DOST IV-A, the group reviewed the operations of some 44 digester units in Ibaan. With all units working 99 per cent, most of which under the communal system of piped-in methane gas for cooking and lighting needs, Mr Ablaza is confident that the new design for chicken droppings will work just as well.
Initially developed for Quezon, the design is targeting the poultry industry of Rizal. To ensure compatibility of digester design and material charge, Mr Ablaza redrew the mixing chamber of the biogas digester to suit the consistency and texture of chicken droppings. He added a system for reducing unwanted biological and chemical components of the droppings prior to their disposal. Lastly, he added a filtration procedure for the recovered gas to increase its combustibility.
Countrywide efforts have been attempted by various sectors to improve use of renewable energy sources such as biogas.
Mr Ablaza has led most of these efforts, facilitating construction since 1993 of more than 300 units all over the country worth nearly P27 M in investments. These collectively supply annually 762,000m3 of biogas; enough to fuel cooking and lighting needs of 2,285 families with six members for one year. The annual supply of biogas is equivalent to P17 M in potential fuel savings, assuming that all units are 40 per cent efficient (optimum efficiency in tropical areas) in fuel generation.
Pak student excels in Abu Dhabi competition
Pak student excels in Abu Dhabi competition
Islamabad: Ali Raza Randhawa, a final-year student of BS Electrical Engineering at the University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, snatched a win for Pakistan during the Elevator Pitch Contest held in Abu Dhabi.
The event was held at Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Khalifah Campus. Over 70 short-listed semi-finalist teams, out of 4,500, pitched their idea 20 times to 20 CEOs, Presidents, Directors, and Saudi Khalifahs, who were representing
different companies at a two-day entrepreneurship workshop.
The event was jointly organised by GIST (CRDF Global) and MIT Enterprise Forum Pan Arab Region. Sheikha Lubna Al-Qassimi, Minister of Foreign Trade for UAE, and Sheikh Nahayan Mabarak Al Nahayan, Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research, were chief guests on the occasion.
Ken Morse, Founding Managing Director, MIT Entrepreneurship Centre, trained the young entrepreneurs around the world during the workshop.
Pak-Energy Solution, founded by Randhawa, is committed to becoming pioneer of green revolution in Pakistan by providing cost-effective
energy solutions to the masses.
“The farmers cannot afford high prices of chemical fertilizers whereas use of these chemicals is the prime cause of damage to the quality of food in Pakistan. To cater this problem, Pak-Energy Solution is introducing an affordable biogas plant,” says Randhawa.
Islamabad: Ali Raza Randhawa, a final-year student of BS Electrical Engineering at the University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, snatched a win for Pakistan during the Elevator Pitch Contest held in Abu Dhabi.
The event was held at Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Khalifah Campus. Over 70 short-listed semi-finalist teams, out of 4,500, pitched their idea 20 times to 20 CEOs, Presidents, Directors, and Saudi Khalifahs, who were representing
different companies at a two-day entrepreneurship workshop.
The event was jointly organised by GIST (CRDF Global) and MIT Enterprise Forum Pan Arab Region. Sheikha Lubna Al-Qassimi, Minister of Foreign Trade for UAE, and Sheikh Nahayan Mabarak Al Nahayan, Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research, were chief guests on the occasion.
Ken Morse, Founding Managing Director, MIT Entrepreneurship Centre, trained the young entrepreneurs around the world during the workshop.
Pak-Energy Solution, founded by Randhawa, is committed to becoming pioneer of green revolution in Pakistan by providing cost-effective
energy solutions to the masses.
“The farmers cannot afford high prices of chemical fertilizers whereas use of these chemicals is the prime cause of damage to the quality of food in Pakistan. To cater this problem, Pak-Energy Solution is introducing an affordable biogas plant,” says Randhawa.
Friday, March 30, 2012
How to make a power inverter 12v dc input to 220v ac output
How to make a power inverter 12v dc input to 220v ac output (Urdu)
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| 500 Watt 12DC to 220 VAC Power Inverter (UPS)Construction in Urdu |
500 Watt 12DC to 220 VAC Power Inverter (UPS)Construction in Urdu Power Inverter (UPS)Construction in Urdu this is a simple inverter you can make your own if you have Little Bit of Knowledge about electronics this inverter can run 1 watt to 500 watt appliances
Discussions about Pakistan Science Club's Power Inverters 12 VDC to 220 VAC UPS, you can find problems, troubleshooting and construction help Please visit Power Inverters (UPS)12 VDC to 220" http://paksc.org/pk/forum.html See also Easy Homemade 50 watt Power Inverters (12 VDC to 220 VAC) UPS Power Inverter (UPS) Circuit inverter diagram Schematic of an Inverter Read More
See also
Easy Homemade 50 watt Power Inverters (12 VDC to 220 VAC) UPS Power Inverter (UPS) Circuit inverter diagram Schematic of an Inverter Circuit WHAT IS THE Difference between an inverter and UPS? (Forum) How to find emitter base and collector of D1047 Transistor 12 VDC Inverter System Troubleshooting & Maintenance Difference between Voltage-Amps (VA) and watts and how do I properly size my UPS!Thursday, March 29, 2012
Solar Distiller Science Fair Project
Science Experiment
Solar Distiller Grade Levels: 7-9 Questions: Can you
distill clean water from muddy water? Can you distill clean water from
salty water? Possible Hypotheses: You can/cannot make clean water from
muddy water. You can/cannot make clean water from salty water.
Materials: Two large plastic containers Clear plastic wrap Masking tap, Reade More Monday, March 26, 2012
biogas instald in pakistan
Pakistan Council of Renewable Energy Technologies to install 368 biogas plants in rural areas
ISLAMABAD - Pakistan Council of Renewable Energy Technologies (PCRET) will install 368 Biogas plants in different rural areas by the June 2012 under the project “Development and Promotion of Biogas Technology for meeting domestic fuel needs of rural areas and production of Biocfertilizer”.
This project was launched in 2008 through which 2500 family size Biogas plants are to be installed in the country, out of these 2132 plants have been installed and the remaining will be installed by end of financial year 2011-12. Biogas plant is a device used for converting fermentable organic matter, particularly cattle dung, into a combustible gas (Biogas) and fully matured and enriched organic fertilizer. Read more
ISLAMABAD - Pakistan Council of Renewable Energy Technologies (PCRET) will install 368 Biogas plants in different rural areas by the June 2012 under the project “Development and Promotion of Biogas Technology for meeting domestic fuel needs of rural areas and production of Biocfertilizer”.
This project was launched in 2008 through which 2500 family size Biogas plants are to be installed in the country, out of these 2132 plants have been installed and the remaining will be installed by end of financial year 2011-12. Biogas plant is a device used for converting fermentable organic matter, particularly cattle dung, into a combustible gas (Biogas) and fully matured and enriched organic fertilizer. Read more
New species of tailless burrowing caecilian is a new family
- Egg clutch of Chikila sp. an egg-laying and direct developing caecilians endemic to northeast India. phot source , www.frogindia.org
February 2012. For the first time in decades, researchers have discovered a new family of legless amphibian, commonly known as Caecilians, one of the three groups of Amphibia.
New species, genus and family
The new family of tailless burrowing caecilians was described based on differences in external and internal appearance compared to the nine families of legless amphibians already known. Scientists performed DNA analysis of the specimens and confirmed that it is an entirely new family. They have named this new family as Chikilidae and the new genus as Chikila. The scientific name Chikilidae is derived from Garo (a Northeast Indian tribal) language for caecilians.
Caecilians
Caecilians lead a secretive, under-soil, lifestyle making it extremely challenging to find them. This remarkable discovery came following an unprecedented fieldwork effort of soil-digging surveys in about 250 localities spread over five years (2006-2010) in various parts of every Northeast Indian state, including Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, Sikkim and Darjeeling district of West Bengal. The work is the most extensive systematic program of dedicated caecilian surveys ever attempted.
Discovery of a new vertebrate (animals with backbone) family is a rare feat in science and most of the world's 61 amphibian families were described in the mid-1800s. The majority of new discoveries come from remote tropical rainforests. However, the new family described here is mainly from human-inhabited areas. "This makes the conservation of species more challenging", said Prof SD Biju from University of Delhi who led the research.
Read Complete Article http://www.wildlifeextra.com/go/news/Chikilidae-caecilian.html
Sunday, March 25, 2012
Science must guide us towards a more sustainable future
Science must guide us towards a more sustainable future
Sunday, March 25, 2012 4:54 AMScience must guide us towards a more sustainable future by David Dickson LONDON: One of the most significant achievements of science over the past few decades has been to provide convincing evidence that human activity has had a growing and potentially unsustainable impact on virtually every aspect of our planet. The scientific community now needs [...]
Renewable energy resourcesSunday,
March 25, 2012 1:56 AMRenewable energy resources by ERUM ZEHRA Summer is on its way and we’ve been already warned about the electricity load shedding this year and the increase in price per unit because the snow hasn’t melted yet and the water is at dead level in our dams. If timely planning is not done, one can imagine [...]
Sunday, March 25, 2012 4:54 AMScience must guide us towards a more sustainable future by David Dickson LONDON: One of the most significant achievements of science over the past few decades has been to provide convincing evidence that human activity has had a growing and potentially unsustainable impact on virtually every aspect of our planet. The scientific community now needs [...]
Renewable energy resourcesSunday,
March 25, 2012 1:56 AMRenewable energy resources by ERUM ZEHRA Summer is on its way and we’ve been already warned about the electricity load shedding this year and the increase in price per unit because the snow hasn’t melted yet and the water is at dead level in our dams. If timely planning is not done, one can imagine [...]
Saturday, March 17, 2012
Asad Mehmood’s out-of-this world dream
- There are people though, who do not have access to half the resources I do in Pakistan who do not give up. Asad Mehmood is such a guy. He hails from Okara and at the tender age of 18 built himself the 6th largest telescope in Pakistan
When I discovered that building one requires an array of optics not easily found and of considerable expense, I gave up this pursuit as well. There are people though, who do not have access to half the resources I do in Pakistan who do not give up. Asad Mehmood is one such guy. He hails from Okara and at the age of 18 he built the 6th largest telescope in Pakistan. This guy is super cool – here’s The Express Tribune magazine story on him.
How did he do this?
I caught up with him at a local event to ask him just that! Readmore
Sunday, March 11, 2012
Science still can`t explain how our minds work
HUMAN beings are part of nature. They are made of flesh and blood, brain and bone; but for much of the time they are also conscious. The puzzling thing is how the intricate sequences of nerve cells and tissue that make up a person`s brain and body can generate the special subjective feel of conscious experience.
Consciousness creates, in each of us, an inner life where we think and feel; a realm where we experience the sights, sounds, feels, tastes and smells that inform us of the world around us.
To many philosophers the central problem of consciousness is, how can the facts of conscious mental life be part of the world of facts described by the natural sciences?
The 17th-century philosopher, Rene Descartes, thought they couldn`t and argued that, in addition to our physical makeup, creatures like us had a non-material mind, or soul, in which thinking took place. For Descartes, only humans were subjects of experience. Animals were mere mechanisms. When they squealed with what we mistakenly took to be pain, it was just air escaping from their lungs.
Today we take other animals to be conscious; although we are not sure how far down the phylogenetic scale consciousness extends. Most problematically of all, if consciousness was immaterial, how could the immaterial soul move the physical body, or feel pain in response to physical injury?
The difficulty of understanding such material-immaterial interactions is the reason most contemporary philosophers reject Descartes` mind-body dualism. Surely it is the brain that is responsible for controlling the body, so it must be the brain that gives rise to consciousness and decision-making. So how does consciousness arise in the brain? Science still has no answer.
To a large extent consciousness has been dethroned from the central role it used to occupy in the study of our mental lives. Freud persuaded us that there is more going on mentally than we are consciously aware of, and that sometimes others can know more about what we are thinking and feeling than we do. Now we are also learning more and more from neuroscience and neurobiology about how much of what we do is the result of unconscious processes and mechanisms. And we are discovering that there are different levels of consciousness, different kinds of awareness, and that much of our thinking and decision-making can go on without it. So a more pressing question might be, what is consciousness for? Is it just a mere mental accompaniment to what is going to happen anyway? In that case it may be our sense of self and self-control that is most in need of revision. It`s also worth remembering that the only convincing example of consciousness we have is our own. Are the people around me really conscious in the way I am, or could they be zombies who act like humans?
Conscious awareness is bound up with our sense of self, but our sense of self is bound up with awareness of the body. The sense of agency and ownership of our limbs is very much part of who we are and how we operate in the world. But it can also go missing after brain injury. In rare cases of brain lesion people can experience sensations in their own hand but not think the hand or the experience belongs to them.
Wittgenstein once said that no one could have an experience and wonder whose experience it was. An experience I feel has to be my experience and it is conceptually impossible to think otherwise. However, when something goes awry in the injured brain the conceptually impossible becomes possible for certain patients. So the nature of consciousness and how we experience it depends on the proper functioning of the brain. We can be aware in moving our bodies that it is our own body we are moving, and we may still have a feeling of being the agent of that movement, but it may not be our conscious decisions that initiate those movements.
The sense of ourselves as consciously deciding everything we do is surely an illusion: but a persistent one. Equally, the idea that consciousness is unified and must be that way comes under increasing pressure in contemporary neuroscience. There are levels of consciousness and perhaps splits in conscious awareness. Can we have consciousness and lack awareness of it? Do we always know what our experience is like, and is experience always as it seems? Much recent experimental evidence from neuroscience suggests that this may not be the case. So it is a fruitful time for philosophers and neuroscientists to work together, to revise previous models and provide new accounts of how we perceive things and why our experience patterns in the way it does.
There may be no single answer to what consciousness is, but we may still be able to find ways to explain what is going on in the brain. This would help resolve why our conscious experience takes the shape and form it does, and elucidate what happens to consciousness when one of the interacting systems that make possible the self-knowing mind breaks down. These phenomena provide vital clues about the neural correlates of consciousness and are a step on the road to understanding why things work as they do.
Getting at the elusive nature of our own experience and freeing ourselves from faulty interpretations is a tricky business. Many disciplines are needed if we are to make a real breakthrough.
By arrangement with the Guardian
Tuesday, March 6, 2012
Magnetic Levitation Science Project
Here is a very cheap and high stable levitation schematic for beginners it uses only to transistors and few other parts they are all easily available in hole world instead of those pricey and complicated integrated IC schematics take hole day to built but this project is not only cheap but easy to built in minutes coil is made in this project from scrap I took primary winding wire from an old wall mount 12v power supply and Use sewing machine bobbin for coil winding there is no counting for turns just make sure wind bobbin full until it reaches its outer radius secure it with electrical tape make sure both ends of winding are enough length to solder it to project board use bolt as core which fits in bobbin hole make sure bolt must be twice in length than bobbin so that you can nicely tighten your coil to frame for further info see fig2. Read More Magnetic Levitation Science Project
Saturday, March 3, 2012
E-waste – a pack of human diseases
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| E-waste – a pack of human diseases |
E-waste – a pack of human diseases
THE TERM ‘E-waste’ is not new but it is still not common. Commoners are unaware to this term. E-waste is the waste regarding all electrical and electronic equipments that include computers, mobiles, television sets, refrigerators, ovens, toasters and home entertainment like electric games, stereo system, toys etc.The reason behind the increase E-waste is the rapid development and number of electronic equipments. Modern technology is coming day by day. In this way people try to have modern and latest equipments available in market. Increasing demand for modern technology is making the electronic companies clever and richer. They introduce the modern technology step by step and in a series. Then innocent people also purchase modern and latest things. The question is that why don’t these companies introduce a complete package after reviewing all aspects in their new and latest technology? Cell phones are the common example to support this point of view. We see a latest model of same cell phone everyday in the market. And people look crazy to have it. Read More
Friday, March 2, 2012
Types of Anaerobic Digesters
Types of Anaerobic Digesters Biogas Plant
Anaerobic digesters are capable of treating insoluble wastes and soluble waste-waters. Insoluble wastes such as particulate and colloidal organics are considered to be high-strength wastes and require lengthy digestion periods for hydrolysis and solubilization. Digester retention times of at least 10–20 days are typical for high-strength wastes. High-rate anaerobic digesters are used for the treatment of soluble wastewaters. Because these wastewaters do not require hydrolysis and solubilization of wastes, much faster rates of treatment are obtained. High-rate anaerobic digesters usually have retention times of less than 8 hours.
High-strength wastes are usually treated in suspended growth systems, whereas soluble wastewaters are usually treated in fixed-film systems. Several anaerobic digester processes and configurations are available for the treatment of insoluble wastes and soluble wastewaters . Each configuration impacts solids retention time (SRT) and hydraulic retention time (HRT). Minimal HRT is desired to reduce digester volume and capital costs. Maximal SRT is desired to achieve process stability and minimal sludge production Readmore
Anaerobic digesters are capable of treating insoluble wastes and soluble waste-waters. Insoluble wastes such as particulate and colloidal organics are considered to be high-strength wastes and require lengthy digestion periods for hydrolysis and solubilization. Digester retention times of at least 10–20 days are typical for high-strength wastes. High-rate anaerobic digesters are used for the treatment of soluble wastewaters. Because these wastewaters do not require hydrolysis and solubilization of wastes, much faster rates of treatment are obtained. High-rate anaerobic digesters usually have retention times of less than 8 hours.
High-strength wastes are usually treated in suspended growth systems, whereas soluble wastewaters are usually treated in fixed-film systems. Several anaerobic digester processes and configurations are available for the treatment of insoluble wastes and soluble wastewaters . Each configuration impacts solids retention time (SRT) and hydraulic retention time (HRT). Minimal HRT is desired to reduce digester volume and capital costs. Maximal SRT is desired to achieve process stability and minimal sludge production Readmore
Wednesday, February 29, 2012
Dengue season is coming back
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dengue mosquito |
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